The Criminal Code Of The Russian FederationAdopted by the State Duma on May 24, 1996Adopted by the Federation Council on June 5, 1996 Federal Law No. 64-FZ of June 13, 1996 on the Enforcement of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation Chapter 29. Crimes Against the Fundamentals of the Constitutional System and StateSecurity
Article 275. High TreasonHigh treason, that is espionage, disclosure of state secrets, or any other assistance rendered to a foreign State, a foreign organization, or their representatives in hostile activities to the detriment of the external security of the Russian Federation, committed by a citizen of the Russian Federation, shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of 12 to 20 years with confiscation of property or without such confiscation. Note: A person who has committed crimes stipulated in this Article, or by Articles 276 and 278 of this Code, shall be relieved from criminal responsibility if he has facilitated the prevention of further damage to the interests of the Russian Federation by informing the governmental authorities of his own free will and in due time, or in any other way, if his actions contain no other corpus delicti.
Article 276. EspionageTransfer, and also collection, theft, or keeping for the purpose of transfer to a foreign state, a foreign organization, or their representatives of information constituting a state secret, and also transfer or collection of other information under the order of a foreign intelligence service, to the detriment of the external security of the Russian Federation, if these deeds have been committed by a foreign national or a stateless person, shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of 10 to 20 years.
Article 277. Encroachment on the Life of a Statesman or a Public FigureEncroachment on the life of a statesman or a public figure, committed for the purpose of terminating his government or any other political activity, or out of revenge for such activity (a terrorist act), shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of 12 to 20 years, or by capital punishment, or by imprisonment for life.
Article 278. Forcible Seizure of Power or Forcible Retention of PowerActions aimed at the forcible seizure of power or forcible retention of power in contravention of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, or aimed at the forcible change of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of 12 to 20 years.
Article 279. Armed RebellionOrganization of an armed rebellion or active participation in it for the purpose of overthrowing or forcibly changing the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, or of breaching the territorial integrity of the Russian Federation, shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of 12 to 20 years.
Article 280. Public Appeals for a Forcible Change of the Constitutional System of the Russian Federation1. Public appeals for a forcible seizure of state power, its forcible retention, or for a forcible change of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of 500 to 700 minimum wages, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of five to seven months, or by arrest for a term of four to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of up to three years. 2. The same acts, committed with the use of the mass media, shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term from three up to five years entailing the deprivation of the right to hold certain jobs or engage in certain occupations for a term up to three years.
Article 281. Sabotage1. Perpetration of an explosion, arson, or of any other action aimed at the destruction or damage of enterprises, structures, communications and communication facilities, or vital supply facilities for the population, with the aim of subverting the economic security or the defence capacity of the Russian Federation, shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of ten to 15 years. 2. The same deeds, committed by an organized group, shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of 12 to 20 years.
Article 282. Incitement of National, Racial, or Religious Enmity1. Actions aimed at the incitement of national, racial, or religious enmity, abasement of human dignity, and also propaganda of the exceptionality, superiority, or inferiority of individuals by reason of their attitude to religion, national, or racial affiliation, if these acts have been committed in public or with the use of mass media, shall be punishable by a fine in the amount of 500 to 800 minimum wages, or in the amount of the wage or salary, or any other income of the convicted person for a period of five to eight months, or by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by deprivation of liberty for a term of two to four years. 2. The same acts committed: a) with the use of violence or with the threat of its use; b) by a person through his official position; c) by an organized group, shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to five years.
Article 283. Disclosure of a State Secret1. Disclosure of information comprising a state secret, by a person to whom it has been entrusted or to whom it has become known through his office or work, if this information has become the property of other persons, in the absence of the characteristic features of high treason, shall be punishable by arrest for a term of four to six months, or by deprivation of liberty for up to four years, with disqualification to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification. 2. The same deed, which involved through negligence grave consequences, shall be punishable by deprivation of liberty for a term of three to seven years, with disqualification to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years.
Article 284. Loss of Documents Containing State SecretsViolation by a person who has access to state secrets of the rules for dealing with documents containing state secrets, and with objects, information about which comprises a state secret, if this has involved by negligence their loss and the onset of grave consequences, shall be punishable by restraint of liberty for a term of up to three years, or by arrest for a term of up to three years, with disqualification to hold specified offices or to engage in specified activities for a term of up to three years, or without such disqualification.
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